Browsing by Subject "Biology, Physiology"
Now showing items 21-40 of 47
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ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX AS A CENTRAL REGULATOR OF MITOCHONDRIAL REDOX WITHIN SKELETAL MUSCLE
(East Carolina University, 2013)Once regarded as "byproducts" of aerobic metabolism, the production of superoxide/H₂O₂ is now understood to be a highly specialized and extensively regulated process responsible for exerting control over a vast number of ... -
IL-15 : A NOVEL REGULATOR OF LIPOLYSIS IN HUMANS?
(East Carolina University, 2014)Interactions between and within organ systems such as skeletal muscle (SkM) and adipose tissue (AT), via immune cell signaling factors (cytokines), may regulate the development of obesity. The increased expression and ... -
The induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance and attenuation of inflammation via cytokine antigen fusion protein therapy in a mouse model of pulmonary inflammation
(East Carolina University, 2014)Allergic asthma is a significant medical issue, affecting more than 300 million individuals and causing approximately 250,000 deaths each year. Current asthma therapies temporarily minimize discomfort and manage symptoms, ... -
Influence of carbon nanomaterial exposure on pro-constrictor mechanisms during pregnancy
(East Carolina University, 2013)Engineered carbon based nanoparticles (CNP) such as fullerenes and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are increasingly used in industries and in nanomedicine as a platform for drug delivery. Following environmental/o ... -
The Influence of Energy Expenditure on Mitochondrial Functions, Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance under Metabolic Oversupply Conditions
(East Carolina University, 2011)Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and oxidative stress have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type II diabetes. A causative role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the etiology of ... -
Intratracheal instillation of silver nanoparticles exacerbates cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in male sprague-dawley rats
(East Carolina University, 2014)The uses of engineered nanomaterials have expanded in biomedical technology and consumer manufacturing. Exposure to particulate matter has been demonstrated to negatively influence cardiovascular health and expand myocardial ... -
Measured Resting Energy Expenditure Using a Fixed Function Indirect Calorimeter in the Clinical Setting as a Predictor of Success with Weight Change in an Obese Pediatric Population
(East Carolina University, 2010)The American Dietetic Association (ADA) standard of care for obese adults utilizes indirect calorimetry for calculating caloric targets for weight loss (1). Even though rates appear to be leveling off (2), childhood obesity ... -
Metabolic Inflexibility in Skeletal Muscle With Obesity
(East Carolina University, 2009)The skeletal muscle of obese individuals has a reduced capacity to oxidize lipids. The hypothesis to be tested in this dissertation is that the ability to regulate lipid oxidation in response to lipid exposure is impaired ... -
Modulation of IKKβ with AMPK Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle
(East Carolina University, 2008-11)Activation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 is necessary for proper transduction of the insulin signal. IRS-1 serine312(human)/307(rodent) phosphorylation, however, results in disruption of this signal and subsequent ... -
NADPH Oxidase as a Mechanistic Link Between Erectile Dysfunction, Peripheral, and Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity
(East Carolina University, 2012)Cardiovascular complications involving both microvascular and macrovascular tissues are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in obese patients. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that erectile dysfunction ... -
Paternal diet and exercise epigenetically program energy expenditure and glucose metabolism in mouse offspring
(East Carolina University, 2014)It is currently estimated that a third of Americans suffer from metabolic syndrome, which is an obesogenic disease shown to increase risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by five-fold (Diabetes Care, 2012). The ... -
The Physiological and Pathological Role of Mitochondrial Calcium in the Diabetic Heart
(East Carolina University, 2011)Diabetic patients are more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardiac dysfunction likely due alterations in mitochondrial calcium handling. The purpose of this work was to determine if redox-dependent changes ... -
Proximal vs. Distal Fascicle Behavior within the Biceps Femoris Long Head at Different Muscle Activation Levels
(East Carolina University, 2013)Hamstring strains have been shown to occur more often in the long head of the biceps femoris (BFLH) than the semitendinosus and semimembranosus, with most injuries occurring in the proximal half of the BFLH. Muscle modeling ... -
The Region Specific Influence of Estradiol on In-Vivo Lipolysis in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Overweight-to-Moderately-Obese Premenopausal Women
(East Carolina University, 2012)Premenopausal women demonstrate preferential accumulation of adiposity in the gynoid region, a distribution which shifts towards the abdominal region after the menopausal transition. Although estrogen is implicated as a ... -
Regulation of Lipolysis By Perilipin : influence of Obesity and Exercise Training
(East Carolina University, 2010)Obesity is the result of excess energy storage due to an imbalance between energy storage and energy utilization. Excess energy is stored as triacylglycerol (TAG) in adipose tissue in various regions throughout the body. ... -
The role of cardiac mitochondria in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
(East Carolina University, 2012)Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exerts economic and humanitarian costs that are unparalleled by any other disease. Of the many etiologies of CVD, myocardial infarction accounts for over 50% of the associated mortality and ... -
THE ROLE OF LONG-CHAIN ACYL-COENZYME A SYNTHETASE 1 (ACSL-1) IN LIPID METABOLISM IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE PRIMARY MYOTUBES.
(East Carolina University, 2011)Obesity is considered a major health threat to the U.S. due to being a strong risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. The prevalence and severity of obesity is even greater among some ... -
The role of mediators of neuronal plasticity in the circadian regulation of suprachiasmatic nucleus by light
(East Carolina University, 2009)Circadian rhythms are highly conserved physiological functions that are present in almost all living organisms. In mammals, circadian rhythms are synchronized to the environmental light:dark cycle by daily adjustments in ... -
THE ROLE OF SDF-1[alpha] AS A VASCULOGENIC CHEMOKINE AND ENDOTHELIUM-ASSOCIATED CELL ADHESION MOLECULE FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF BONE MARROW-DERIVED PROGENITOR CELLS TO DEVELOPING TUMORS
(East Carolina University, 2010)Tumor vascularization is an important control point in cancer progression and its inhibition is a promising approach to cancer therapy. Stromal-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1 alpha or CXCL12) is a chemoattractant for ... -
The role of the proximal small intestine in improvements in diabetes resolution and insulin sensitivity following bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes
(East Carolina University, 2011)Bariatric surgery is an effective, rapid, and durable treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) resolves T2DM in 80% of cases, while gastric banding (LAGB) resolves T2DM in ...