Browsing by Subject "Insulin resistance"
Now showing items 1-19 of 19
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Blood Lactate Predicts Resting Energy Expenditure in Non-Obese Caucasian Females
(East Carolina University, 2019-08-01)Background: Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes are both global epidemics that continue to skyrocket. High basal plasma lactate levels, reduced oxidative capacity, and insulin resistance are co-morbidities with these metabolic ... -
Deletion of LPCAT3 Promotes Enhanced Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle
(East Carolina University, 2015-12-15)Aberrant lipid metabolism has been linked to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The exact identity of the lipid species that promote skeletal muscle insulin resistance among the human population remains unclear. In this ... -
Effect of Acute Exercise or Fasting on Mitochondrial Function and High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance
(East Carolina University, 2009)A high-fat diet leads to an accumulation of lipid in skeletal muscle, and the development of both mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Recently, our lab reported that lipid overload leads to elevated ... -
Effect of Exercise Training on Metabolic Syndrome z-score : the Association of C- reactive protein
(East Carolina University, 2015-06-25)PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that metabolic syndrome z-score (MetSynZ) is improved with exercise training. Metabolic syndrome is based upon insulin resistance, such that it would be expected for insulin resistance ... -
EFFECT OF MENTOR-LED VIGOROUS AEROBIC EXERCISE PROGRAM ON BODY COMPOSITION, PEAK VO₂, AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADOLESCENTS
(East Carolina University, 2014)In the past few decades obesity rates in the US have reached epidemic proportions in both adults and children. Nearly one-third of American adults are obese, and since 1980, the obesity rates for children 6-11 years and ... -
Effects of Insulin Sensitivity Modulators on the Mitochondrial Fate of Oxygen in Skeletal Muscle
(East Carolina University, 2010)Increasingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the development of insulin resistance. To test the hypothesis that modulators of insulin sensitivity (i.e., metformin, ovarian sex steroids and exercise training) ... -
An in vitro human muscle preparation suitable for metabolic studies. Decreased insulin stimulation of glucose transport in muscle from morbidly obese and diabetic subjects.
(East Carolina University, 1988-08)We have developed an in vitro muscle preparation suitable for metabolic studies with human muscle tissue and have investigated the effects of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) on glucose transport. ... -
The Influence of Energy Expenditure on Mitochondrial Functions, Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance under Metabolic Oversupply Conditions
(East Carolina University, 2011)Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and oxidative stress have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type II diabetes. A causative role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the etiology of ... -
Insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle is determined by glucose transporter (Glut4) protein level.
(East Carolina University, 1990-09-01)Glucose transport in skeletal muscle is mediated by two distinct transporter isoforms, designated muscle/adipose glucose transporter (Glut4) and erythrocyte/HepG2/brain glucose transporter (Glutl), which differ in both ... -
Lipid mediators of insulin resistance: ceramide signalling down-regulates GLUT4 gene transcription in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
(East Carolina University, 1996-10-01)We have previously demonstrated that chronic exposure of 3T3- L1 adipocytes to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) resulted in a marked decrease (~90%) in cellular GLUT4 (insulin-responsive glucose transporter) mRNA content as ... -
Metabolic Inflexibility in Skeletal Muscle With Obesity
(East Carolina University, 2009)The skeletal muscle of obese individuals has a reduced capacity to oxidize lipids. The hypothesis to be tested in this dissertation is that the ability to regulate lipid oxidation in response to lipid exposure is impaired ... -
Mitochondrial H₂O₂ emission and cellular redox state link excess fat intake to insulin resistance in both rodents and humans
(2009-03)High dietary fat intake leads to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and this represents a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been ... -
Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity In Human Skeletal Muscle: Association with Plasma Lactate Concentration
(East Carolina University, 2018-07-11)ABSTRACT Background: Metabolic disease is a growing concern for public health. Obesity and Type II Diabetes are an epidemic and a phenotype for insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle. A reduced mitochondrial function ... -
Modulation of IKKβ with AMPK Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle
(East Carolina University, 2008-11)Activation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 is necessary for proper transduction of the insulin signal. IRS-1 serine312(human)/307(rodent) phosphorylation, however, results in disruption of this signal and subsequent ... -
Restoration of insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle of morbidly obese patients after weight loss. Effect on muscle glucose transport and glucose transporter GLUT4.
(East Carolina University, 1992-02)A major defect contributing to impaired insulin action in human obesity is reduced glucose transport activity in skeletal muscle. This study was designed to determine whether the improvement in whole body glucose disposal ... -
The role of the proximal small intestine in improvements in diabetes resolution and insulin sensitivity following bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes
(East Carolina University, 2011)Bariatric surgery is an effective, rapid, and durable treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) resolves T2DM in 80% of cases, while gastric banding (LAGB) resolves T2DM in ... -
A single dose of metformin improves whole body insulin sensitivity and alters cellular redox state in skeletal muscle of Zucker fa/fa rats
(East Carolina University, 2010)Energy balance is considered a fundamental requirement of life forms from single cell organisms to higher mammals such as humans. Unfortunately, our species has also discovered the detrimental metabolic responses to excess ... -
The Effects of the OPTIFAST Diet and Aerobic Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity
(East Carolina University, 2022-04-21)BACKGROUND: Clinical weight loss (CWL) (5-10%) combined with aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity. The OPTIFAST program is a medically supervised diet for weight loss, however, there is minimal data available on ... -
Unravelling the mechanisms of menopause-induced insulin resistance: novel roles for estradiol in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function
(East Carolina University, 2016-11-16)Menopause results in a progressive decline in ovarian production of 17[beta]-estradiol (E2), increased adiposity and a higher risk for type-2 diabetes, but hormone replacement therapies containing E2 reverse most of these ...