Browsing Physiology by Title
Now showing items 48-67 of 79
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Mechanism for Improved Insulin Sensitivity after Gastric Bypass Surgery
(East Carolina University, 2008-12)Context: Surgical treatments of obesity have been shown to induce rapid and prolonged improvements in insulin sensitivity. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of gastric bypass surgery and the ... -
MECHANISMS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
(East Carolina University, 8/5/2020)Cardiac remodeling is composed of molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes in the cardiac tissue that affect the size, shape, and function of the heart. There are two types of cardiac remodeling: physiological and ... -
Methods for Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Diabetes
(2013-04)A growing body of research is investigating the potential contribution of mitochondrial function to the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Numerous in vitro, in situ, and in vivo methodologies are available to examine various ... -
MicroRNA-431 regulates axon regeneration in mature sensory neurons by targeting the Wnt antagonist
(2013-10)MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function as key post-transcriptional regulators in neural development, brain function, and neurological diseases. Growing evidence indicates that miRNAs are also important ... -
Modulation of experimental autoimmune myocarditis with cytokine-myosin fusion proteins and novel cardiac peptides
(2016-05-16)Infectious agents that induce cross-reactive myocarditic T cell responses may cause autoimmune inflammation of the heart, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and heart failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ... -
Molecular Histology of EphrinA1 Expression in Mouse Heart Visualized Molecular Histology of EphrinA1 Expression in Mouse Heart Visualized with MALDI-MSI
(East Carolina University, 2018-07-25)EphrinA1 is a tyrosine kinase receptor localized in the cellular membrane of healthy cardiomyocytes, the expression of which is lost upon myocardial infarction (MI). Intra-cardiac injection of the recombinant form of ... -
Molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration: emerging roles of microRNAs
(2013-02)MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that suppress gene expression through target mRNA degradation or translation repression. Recent studies suggest that miRNA plays an important role in multiple physiological and pathological ... -
Multiple Kinase Involvement in the Regulation of Vascular Growth
(New York: InTech Open Access Publishers, 2012-06)The initial discovery of protein phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism for the control of glycogen metabolism has led to intense interest of protein phosphorylation in regulating protein function (Cohen et al., 2001). ... -
Muscle cell derived angiopoietin-1 contributes to both myogenesis and angiogenesis in the ischemic environment
(2015-05)Recent strategies to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have focused on stem cell based therapies, which are believed to result in local secretion of vascular growth factors. Little is known, however, about the role ... -
Neurovascular Mechanisms of Erectile Dysfunction Following Androgen Deprivation Therapy
(East Carolina University, 2019-12-20)For nearly eight decades, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a common prostate cancer treatment. Although ADT increases the prostate cancer survival rate, urogenital side effects such as erectile dysfunction (ED) ... -
Nocturnal thoracoabdominal asynchrony in house dust mite-sensitive nonhuman primates
(2010)Nocturnal bronchoconstriction is a common symptom of asthma in humans, but is poorly documented in animal models. Thoracoabdominal asynchrony (TAA) is a noninvasive clinical indication of airway obstruction. In this study, ... -
Oral citrulline as arginine precursor may be beneficial in sickle cell disease: early phase two results.
(East Carolina University, 2001-10)L-Arginine may be a conditionally essential amino acid in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease, particularly as required substrate in the arginine-nitric oxide pathway for endogenous nitrovasodilation and ... -
Paternal diet and exercise epigenetically program energy expenditure and glucose metabolism in mouse offspring
(East Carolina University, 2014)It is currently estimated that a third of Americans suffer from metabolic syndrome, which is an obesogenic disease shown to increase risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by five-fold (Diabetes Care, 2012). The ... -
Phosphodiesterases Regulate BAY 41-2272-Induced VASP Phosphorylation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
(2012-02)BAY 41-2272 (BAY), a stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, increases cyclic nucleotides and inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we elucidated mechanisms of action of BAY in its ... -
Physiologic Determinants of Ischemic Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology
(East Carolina University, 2018-11-29)Lower limb peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD) has major impacts on patient quality of life and, in its most severe form, carries a significant risk of mortality. The canonical approach to PAD research has been ... -
Predifferentiated Embryonic Stem Cells Prevent Chronic Pain Behaviors and Restore Sensory Function Following Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
(East Carolina University, 2006)Embryonic stem (ES) cells have been investigated in repair of the CNS following neuronal injury and disease; however, the efficacy of these cells in treatment of postinjury pain is far from clear. In this study, we evaluated ... -
The role of cardiac mitochondria in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
(East Carolina University, 2012)Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exerts economic and humanitarian costs that are unparalleled by any other disease. Of the many etiologies of CVD, myocardial infarction accounts for over 50% of the associated mortality and ... -
The role of mediators of neuronal plasticity in the circadian regulation of suprachiasmatic nucleus by light
(East Carolina University, 2009)Circadian rhythms are highly conserved physiological functions that are present in almost all living organisms. In mammals, circadian rhythms are synchronized to the environmental light:dark cycle by daily adjustments in ... -
Role of neuronal nitric oxide in the regulation of vasopressin expression and release in response to inhibition of cathecholamine synthesis and dehydration
(East Carolina University, 2007-10-22)We used neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene knockout mice to study the effects of catecholamines and neuronal nitric oxide on vasopressin expression in the hypothalamic neurosecretory centers. nNOS gene deletion ... -
The role of the proximal small intestine in improvements in diabetes resolution and insulin sensitivity following bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes
(East Carolina University, 2011)Bariatric surgery is an effective, rapid, and durable treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) resolves T2DM in 80% of cases, while gastric banding (LAGB) resolves T2DM in ...