Reducing Restraint Use in an Intensive Care Unit Through Staff Education

Abstract

Physical restraints are often used in intensive care units (ICUs) to prevent interference with medical devices. However, physical restraints are associated with adverse outcomes, such as delirium, stress, and injury. An ICU in the southeastern United States experienced high rates of physical restraint use compared to other similar ICUs in the nation. To decrease the rate of physical restraint use, a program was implemented to educate staff on the restraint policy, alternatives to restraints, and the adverse outcomes associated with prolonged restraint use. Before and after the educational sessions, staff was surveyed to help improve teaching and identify potential barriers. After the implementation phase, the restraint rate decreased to 21.43% from 64.29%. Education and staff willingness to participate helped improve restraint rates. Targeted education that addresses staff concerns and potential barriers resonated with staff and helped reduce restraint rates. Future studies should focus on the long-term effects of restraint use on patient outcomes, including morbidity and mortality, related costs, and staff satisfaction.