Benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and knowledge regarding healthy foods; perception of African Americans living in eastern North Carolina

Abstract

African Americans in the United States suffer from many health disparities such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension. Lifestyle factors including

diet and physical activity play an important role in prevention of these health conditions. The purpose of this research project was to assess beliefs,

barriers and self-efficacy of eating a healthy diet and self efficacy of shopping for foods such as whole grains or foods designated as low fat

or low sodium. Additionally, the objective was to assess beliefs about healthfulness, appropriate consumption, and protective aspect of specific foods

including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The assessment was done using a survey instrument developed for this study. Data collection took

place at two church locations. Data were obtained from 57 African Americans, mean age 50 years old (SD 12.70) completed the survey. The majority

of respondents (58.1%) were females and most (75%) had at least some college education. Generally, benefits of eating healthy foods received

considerably higher scores compared to barriers of eating healthy. A belief that healthy foods would help to take care of oneâ s body received the

highest mean score while a belief that healthy foods are too expensive had the highest score from all barriers. The results showed high self-efficacy

of eating and purchasing healthy foods, high awareness of knowledge regarding foods associated with disease prevention but low awareness of

recommendations for fruits and vegetables. The high scores for benefits, self-efficacy and knowledge regarding eating healthy foods did not translate

into the perception of intake of such foods. Most participants believed that they do not eat enough of healthy foods. Interventions design to help

African Americans make dietary changes should be culturally relevant and should involved working on a community level utilizing messages that

are familiar and relevant to African Americans. Originally published Nutrition Research and Practice, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring 2009