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    The effect of brevenal on brevetoxin-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes

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    Author
    Sayer, Andrew; Hu, Qing; Bourdelais, Andrea J.; Baden, Daniel G.; Gibson, James E.
    Abstract
    Brevenal is a nontoxic short-chain trans-syn polyether that competes with brevetoxin (PbTx) for the active site on voltage-sensitive sodium channels. The PbTxs are highly potent polyether toxins produced during blooms of several species of marine dinoflagellates, most notably Karenia brevis. Blooms of K. brevis have been associated with massive fish kills, marine mammal poisoning, and are potentially responsible for adverse human health effects such as respiratory irritation and airway constriction in beach-goers. Additionally, the consumption of shellfish contaminated with PbTxs results in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether PbTx could induce DNA damage in a human cell type, the lymphocyte, and if so, whether the damage could be antagonized or ameliorated by brevenal, a brevetoxin antagonist. The DNA damage may occur through both endogenous and exogenous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Unrepaired or erroneously repaired DNA damage may result in gene mutation, chromosome aberration, and modulation of gene regulation, which have been associated with immunotoxicity and carcinogenesis. A single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, or comet assay, was used to determine and compare DNA damage following various treatments. The data were expressed as tail moments, which is the percentage of DNA in the tail multiplied by the length between the center of the head and center of the tail (in arbitrary units). The negative control tail moment was 29.2 (SE=±0.9), whereas the positive control (hydrogen peroxide) was 72.1 (1.5) and solvent (ethanol) was 24.2 (2.1). The PbTx-2 (from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), 10−8 M was 41.3 (3.6), PbTx-9 (Sigma), 10−8 M was 57.0 (5.3), PbTx-2 (from University of North Carolina at Wilmington, UNCW), 10−8 M was 49.4 (9.9), and PbTx-3 (UNCW), 10−8 M was 64.0 (6.4). 1.0 μg/ml brevenal applied 1 h before the PbTxs protected the lymphocytes from DNA damage; PbTx-2 (Sigma), 31.3 (2.1); PbTx-9 (Sigma), 35.5 (2.9); PbTx-2 (UNCW), 33.9 (1.4); PbTx-3 (UNCW), 34.9 (1.25). The tail moment for 1.0 μg/ml brevenal alone was 30.8 (2.6). The results indicate that extensive genotoxic damage is induced by PbTx-2 and 9 (Sigma), and PbTx-2 and 3 (UNCW) in normal human lymphocytes, which is fully antagonized by brevenal. This suggests that the immune systems of individuals exposed to PbTx during harmful algal bloom (HAB) events may be at risk. Originally published Archives in Toxicology, Vol. 79, No. 11, Nov 2005
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10342/3420
    Subject
     Brevetoxin; Brevenal; Lymphocytes; Gel electrophoresis; Tail moment 
    Date
    2005-11
    Citation:
    APA:
    Sayer, Andrew, & Hu, Qing, & Bourdelais, Andrea J., & Baden, Daniel G., & Gibson, James E.. (November 2005). The effect of brevenal on brevetoxin-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Archives of Toxicology, (79:11), p.683-688. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10342/3420

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    MLA:
    Sayer, Andrew, and Hu, Qing, and Bourdelais, Andrea J., and Baden, Daniel G., and Gibson, James E.. "The effect of brevenal on brevetoxin-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes". Archives of Toxicology. 79:11. (683-688.), November 2005. August 16, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/3420.
    Chicago:
    Sayer, Andrew and Hu, Qing and Bourdelais, Andrea J. and Baden, Daniel G. and Gibson, James E., "The effect of brevenal on brevetoxin-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes," Archives of Toxicology 79, no. 11 (November 2005), http://hdl.handle.net/10342/3420 (accessed August 16, 2022).
    AMA:
    Sayer, Andrew, Hu, Qing, Bourdelais, Andrea J., Baden, Daniel G., Gibson, James E.. The effect of brevenal on brevetoxin-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Archives of Toxicology. November 2005; 79(11) 683-688. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/3420. Accessed August 16, 2022.
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    • Anatomy and Cell Biology
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    East Carolina University

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