• Find People
  • Campus Map
  • PiratePort
  • A-Z
    • About
    • Submit
    • Browse
    • Login
    View Item 
    •   ScholarShip Home
    • Academic Affairs
    • Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences
    • Chemistry
    • View Item
    •   ScholarShip Home
    • Academic Affairs
    • Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences
    • Chemistry
    • View Item
    JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

    Browse

    All of The ScholarShipCommunities & CollectionsDateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsTypeDate SubmittedThis CollectionDateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsTypeDate Submitted

    My Account

    Login

    Statistics

    View Google Analytics Statistics

    SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF PRESERVATIVES IN SKINCARE CREAMS BY HIGH TEMPERATURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SUBCRITICAL WATER CHROMATOGRAPHY

    Thumbnail
    View/ Open
    Gujjar_ecu_0600M_10443.pdf (3.458Mb)

    Show full item record
    Author
    Gujjar, Leena
    Abstract
    Preservatives are chemicals with antimicrobial activity commonly added to foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics in order to prolong products' shelf life and to protect the consumer from potential infection. Parabens, the most widely used preservatives worldwide are a family of alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid. The most widely marketed para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters are methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl parabens. Their microbial activity increases as the alkyl chain increases. Parabens are reported to have weak estrogen-like properties. According to Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR), limit up to 0.4% (single paraben) or up to 0.8% (mixtures of parabens) can be added to the cosmetic products. Therefore, to monitor the levels of preservatives in cosmetic products is important.  High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most commonly used separation and analysis technique for the determination of preservative in skincare creams. HPLC involves a consumption of large quantities of organic solvents in the mobile phase. These HPLC organic solvents are toxic, expensive for purchasing as well as their proper disposal.   At ambient temperature, water is too polar to serve as a sole chromatographic solvent. Fortunately, at elevated temperatures and under moderate pressures, the polarity of water significantly decreases and liquid water behaves more like an organic solvent. Thus, high-temperature water can mimic organic solvent-water mixtures used in HPLC to achieve liquid chromatographic separation.   The goal of this research is to develop high temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) and subcritical water chromatography (SBWC) methods for the separation and analysis of preservatives in skincare creams to either reduce or completely eliminate the consumption of the harmful organic solvents used in traditional HPLC. A ZirChrom®-DiamondBond-C18 column was used in this study to carry out the separation of preservatives. Preservatives studied include benzyl alcohol, 2-phenoxyethanol, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl paraben. Quantitative analysis of preservatives in three Olay® skincare creams was achieved by HTLC and SBWC. The recoveries obtained by HTLC and SBWC are efficient. The major advantage of HTLC and SBWC techniques is the reduction or elimination of organic solvents used in traditional HPLC.  
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10342/3662
    Subject
     Chemistry; Chemistry, Analytical; Cosmetics; High temperature liquid chromatography; Parabens; Preservatives; Subcritical water chromatography; Zirconia based column; Analytical chemistry 
    Date
    2011
    Citation:
    APA:
    Gujjar, Leena. (January 2011). SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF PRESERVATIVES IN SKINCARE CREAMS BY HIGH TEMPERATURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SUBCRITICAL WATER CHROMATOGRAPHY (Master's Thesis, East Carolina University). Retrieved from the Scholarship. (http://hdl.handle.net/10342/3662.)

    Display/Hide MLA, Chicago and APA citation formats.

    MLA:
    Gujjar, Leena. SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF PRESERVATIVES IN SKINCARE CREAMS BY HIGH TEMPERATURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SUBCRITICAL WATER CHROMATOGRAPHY. Master's Thesis. East Carolina University, January 2011. The Scholarship. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/3662. March 04, 2021.
    Chicago:
    Gujjar, Leena, “SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF PRESERVATIVES IN SKINCARE CREAMS BY HIGH TEMPERATURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SUBCRITICAL WATER CHROMATOGRAPHY” (Master's Thesis., East Carolina University, January 2011).
    AMA:
    Gujjar, Leena. SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF PRESERVATIVES IN SKINCARE CREAMS BY HIGH TEMPERATURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SUBCRITICAL WATER CHROMATOGRAPHY [Master's Thesis]. Greenville, NC: East Carolina University; January 2011.
    Collections
    • Chemistry
    • Master's Theses
    Publisher
    East Carolina University

    xmlui.ArtifactBrowser.ItemViewer.elsevier_entitlement

    East Carolina University has created ScholarShip, a digital archive for the scholarly output of the ECU community.

    • About
    • Contact Us
    • Send Feedback