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    Phylogeny and Classification of the Trapdoor Spider Genus : An Integrative Approach to Evaluating Taxonomic Hypotheses

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    Author
    Bailey, Ashley L.; Brewer, Michael S.; Hendrixson, Brent E.; Bond, Jason E.
    Abstract
    Background Revised by Bond and Platnick in 2007, the trapdoor spider genus Myrmekiaphila comprises 11 species. Species delimitation and placement within one of three species groups was based on modifications of the male copulatory device. Because a phylogeny of the group was not available these species groups might not represent monophyletic lineages; species definitions likewise were untested hypotheses. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the phylogeny of Myrmekiaphila species using molecular data to formally test the delimitation of species and species-groups. We seek to refine a set of established systematic hypotheses by integrating across molecular and morphological data sets. Methods and Findings Phylogenetic analyses comprising Bayesian searches were conducted for a mtDNA matrix composed of contiguous 12S rRNA, tRNA-val, and 16S rRNA genes and a nuclear DNA matrix comprising the glutamyl and prolyl tRNA synthetase gene each consisting of 1348 and 481 bp, respectively. Separate analyses of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome data and a concatenated data set yield M. torreya and M. millerae paraphyletic with respect to M. coreyi and M. howelli and polyphyletic fluviatilis and foliata species groups. Conclusions Despite the perception that molecular data present a solution to a crisis in taxonomy, studies like this demonstrate the efficacy of an approach that considers data from multiple sources. A DNA barcoding approach during the species discovery process would fail to recognize at least two species (M. coreyi and M. howelli) whereas a combined approach more accurately assesses species diversity and illuminates speciation pattern and process. Concomitantly these data also demonstrate that morphological characters likewise fail in their ability to recover monophyletic species groups and result in an unnatural classification. Optimizations of these characters demonstrate a pattern of “Dollo evolution” wherein a complex character evolves only once but is lost multiple times throughout the group's history.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5502
    Subject
     Species delimitation; Phylogenetic analysis; DNA barcoding; Mitochondrial DNA; Spiders 
    Date
    2010
    Citation:
    APA:
    Bailey, Ashley L., & Brewer, Michael S., & Hendrixson, Brent E., & Bond, Jason E.. (January 2010). Phylogeny and Classification of the Trapdoor Spider Genus : An Integrative Approach to Evaluating Taxonomic Hypotheses. PLoS ONE, 5(9), 1- 15. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5502

    Display/Hide MLA, Chicago and APA citation formats.

    MLA:
    Bailey, Ashley L., and Brewer, Michael S., and Hendrixson, Brent E., and Bond, Jason E.. "Phylogeny and Classification of the Trapdoor Spider Genus : An Integrative Approach to Evaluating Taxonomic Hypotheses". PLoS ONE. 5:9. (1-15), January 2010. September 22, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5502.
    Chicago:
    Bailey, Ashley L. and Brewer, Michael S. and Hendrixson, Brent E. and Bond, Jason E., "Phylogeny and Classification of the Trapdoor Spider Genus : An Integrative Approach to Evaluating Taxonomic Hypotheses," PLoS ONE 5, no. 9 (January 2010), http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5502 (accessed September 22, 2023).
    AMA:
    Bailey, Ashley L., Brewer, Michael S., Hendrixson, Brent E., Bond, Jason E.. Phylogeny and Classification of the Trapdoor Spider Genus : An Integrative Approach to Evaluating Taxonomic Hypotheses. PLoS ONE. January 2010; 5(9): 1-15. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5502. Accessed September 22, 2023.
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