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    Mismatched anti-predator behavioral responses in predator-naïve larval anurans

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    Author
    Albecker, Molly; Vance-Chalcraft, Heather D.
    Abstract
    Organisms are adept at altering behaviors to balance the tradeoff between foraging and predation risk in spatially and temporally shifting predator environments. In order to optimize this tradeoff, prey need to be able to display an appropriate response based on degree of predation risk. To be most beneficial in the earliest life stages in which many prey are vulnerable to predation, innate anti-predator responses should scale to match the risk imposed by predators until learned anti-predator responses can occur. We conducted an experiment that examined whether tadpoles with no previous exposure to predators (i.e., predator-naive) exhibit innate antipredator behavioral responses (e.g., via refuge use and spatial avoidance) that match the actual risk posed by each predator. Using 7 treatments (6 free-roaming, lethal predators plus no-predator control), we determined the predation rates of each predator on Lithobates sphenocephalus tadpoles. We recorded behavioral observations on an additional 7 nonlethal treatments (6 caged predators plus no-predator control). Tadpoles exhibited innate responses to fish predators, but not non-fish predators, even though two non-fish predators (newt and crayfish) consumed the most tadpoles. Due to a mismatch between innate response and predator consumption, tadpoles may be vulnerable to greater rates of predation at the earliest life stages before learning can occur. Thus, naïve tadpoles in nature may be at a high risk to predation in the presence of a novel predator until learned anti-predator responses provide additional defenses to the surviving tadpoles.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8160
    Subject
    Antipredator behavior, Innate risk detection, Predation risk, Predator efficiency, Anuran amphibian
    Date
    2015
    Citation:
    APA:
    Albecker, Molly, & Vance-Chalcraft, Heather D.. (January 2015). Mismatched anti-predator behavioral responses in predator-naïve larval anurans. PeerJ, (3:1), p.. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8160

    Display/Hide MLA, Chicago and APA citation formats.

    MLA:
    Albecker, Molly, and Vance-Chalcraft, Heather D.. "Mismatched anti-predator behavioral responses in predator-naïve larval anurans". PeerJ. 3:1. (.), January 2015. July 03, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8160.
    Chicago:
    Albecker, Molly and Vance-Chalcraft, Heather D., "Mismatched anti-predator behavioral responses in predator-naïve larval anurans," PeerJ 3, no. 1 (January 2015), http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8160 (accessed July 03, 2022).
    AMA:
    Albecker, Molly, Vance-Chalcraft, Heather D.. Mismatched anti-predator behavioral responses in predator-naïve larval anurans. PeerJ. January 2015; 3(1) . http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8160. Accessed July 03, 2022.
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