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    "May I Buy a Pack of Marlboros, Please?" A Systematic Review of Evidence to Improve the Validity and Impact of Youth Undercover Buy Inspections

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    Author
    Lee, Joseph G. L.; Gregory, Kyle R.; Baker, Hannah M.; Ranney, Leah M.; Goldstein, Adam O.
    Abstract
    Most smokers become addicted to tobacco products before they are legally able to pur- chase these products. We systematically reviewed the literature on protocols to assess underage purchase and their ecological validity. We conducted a systematic search in May 2015 in PubMed and PsycINFO. We independently screened records for inclusion. We con- ducted a narrative review and examined implications of two types of legal authority for proto- cols that govern underage buy enforcement in the United States: criminal (state-level laws prohibiting sales to youth) and administrative (federal regulations prohibiting sales to youth). Ten studies experimentally assessed underage buy protocols and 44 studies assessed the association between youth characteristics and tobacco sales. Protocols that mimicked real-world youth behaviors were consistently associated with substantially greater likelihood of a sale to a youth. Many of the tested protocols appear to be designed for compliance with criminal law rather than administrative enforcement in ways that limited ecological validity. This may be due to concerns about entrapment. For administrative enforcement in particular, entrapment may be less of an issue than commonly thought. Commonly used underage buy protocols poorly represent the reality of youths' access to tobacco from retailers. Compliance check programs should allow youth to present them- selves naturally and attempt to match the community’s demographic makeup.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8425
    Date
    2016-04-06
    Citation:
    APA:
    Lee, Joseph G. L., & Gregory, Kyle R., & Baker, Hannah M., & Ranney, Leah M., & Goldstein, Adam O.. (April 2016). "May I Buy a Pack of Marlboros, Please?" A Systematic Review of Evidence to Improve the Validity and Impact of Youth Undercover Buy Inspections. PLOS One, (11:4), p.. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8425

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    MLA:
    Lee, Joseph G. L., and Gregory, Kyle R., and Baker, Hannah M., and Ranney, Leah M., and Goldstein, Adam O.. ""May I Buy a Pack of Marlboros, Please?" A Systematic Review of Evidence to Improve the Validity and Impact of Youth Undercover Buy Inspections". PLOS One. 11:4. (.), April 2016. February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8425.
    Chicago:
    Lee, Joseph G. L. and Gregory, Kyle R. and Baker, Hannah M. and Ranney, Leah M. and Goldstein, Adam O., ""May I Buy a Pack of Marlboros, Please?" A Systematic Review of Evidence to Improve the Validity and Impact of Youth Undercover Buy Inspections," PLOS One 11, no. 4 (April 2016), http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8425 (accessed February 26, 2021).
    AMA:
    Lee, Joseph G. L., Gregory, Kyle R., Baker, Hannah M., Ranney, Leah M., Goldstein, Adam O.. "May I Buy a Pack of Marlboros, Please?" A Systematic Review of Evidence to Improve the Validity and Impact of Youth Undercover Buy Inspections. PLOS One. April 2016; 11(4) . http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8425. Accessed February 26, 2021.
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