11th Annual RCAW (2017)
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Item Open Access Evaluation of a Guided Grocery Store Impact on Participant Nutrition Knowledge and Food Choices: A Pilot Study(2017-04) Winn, Rachel; Jackie Sugg; Virginia C. StageGrocery Store Tours are an increasingly popular medium used by dietitians to improve knowledge and/or food selection behaviors among adults in their community. However, the effectiveness of these tours on participant knowledge and behavior is rarely evaluated due to limited time and financial resources. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a guided grocery store tour to improve the nutrition knowledge (NK) and food selectionItem Open Access HOLOCENE GEOLOGY AND MULTI-PROXY PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SUNDA SHELF OFF THE EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA(2017-04) Twarog, Michael R; Steve CulverIn May (2016), six 1.25 to 2.2 m long gravity cores were collected at water depths ranging from 68 m to 77 m along a transect crossing the incised Chao-Phraya paleo-river valley between Peninsular Malaysia and southern Vietnam, on the Sunda Shelf (southern South China Sea). The objective of this research is to use multiple proxies to make paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the cored sediments’ depositional environments. The six cores provided 130 samples selected for analysis of bulk sediment magnetic susceptibility (BMS), 66 for elemental analysis by means of x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), 52 for analysis of foraminiferal assemblages, and 10 for AMS radiocarbon dating. BMS data show that sediments near the base of the cores typically display higher magnetic susceptibility than sediments closer to the surface, although results vary between and within cores. Other studies show that variations in BMS magnitudes are a result of changes in terrestrial sediment flux during deposition. XRF data will help constrain origins on the cored sediment (e.g. terrestrial or marine). For example, aluminum is typically concentrated in aluminosilicates and can be used as a proxy for variations in grain size. Concentrations of calcium, when inversely correlated with aluminum, are commonly interpreted to derive from a different source (e.g., marine). Foraminiferal assemblages will be used as a proxy for environmental change in conjunction with BMS and XRF.Item Open Access Functional overload-induced muscle hypertrophy and glucose uptake occurs independent of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)(2017-04) McMillin, Shawna; Denise Schmidt; Barbara Khan; Carol WitczakFunctional overload induces a number of adaptations in skeletal muscle that are similar to resistance exercise training, including muscle hypertrophy and glucose uptake. While numerous studies have investigated the molecular/cellular mechanisms underlying overload-induced muscle growth, little is known regarding the mechanism(s) underlying overload-induced glucose uptake. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is the predominant glucose transporter in muscle; yet surprisingly its role in overload-induced glucose uptake is currently unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether GLUT4 regulates overload-induced muscle glucose uptake. Overload was induced in mouse plantaris muscle via unilateral synergist ablation of the distal two-thirds of the gastrocnemius and soleus. Muscle weights and ex vivo [3H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake were assessed 5-days later. Overload-induced muscle glucose uptake and growth were not impaired in muscle-specific GLUT4 knockout mice, demonstrating that GLUT4 is not necessary for these processes. To determine which transporter mediates overload-induced glucose uptake, uptake was assessed +/- the sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor, phloridzin, or the GLUT inhibitor, cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin B, but not phloridzin, prevented overload-induced glucose uptake demonstrating that GLUT(s) mediate this effect. To narrow down which GLUT, hexose competition experiments were performed. Based on the GLUT’s distinct affinities for different hexoses, [3H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake was evaluated against L-glucose, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, or D-xylose. Overload-induced [3H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake was not inhibited by D-fructose, demonstrating that the fructose-transporting GLUT2, GLUT5, GLUT8, and GLUT12, do not mediate this effect. In contrast, overload-induced [3H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake was partially impaired by D-galactose and D-xylose, suggesting a role for GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT6 and/or GLUT10. Consistent with this finding, immunoblot analyses demonstrated a 2- to 5-fold increase in GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT6 and GLUT10 protein levels in overload muscles. Collectively, these results demonstrate that GLUT4 is not necessary for overload-induced muscle glucose uptake or growth, and suggest that GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT6 and/or GLUT10 mediate overload-induced glucose uptake.Item Open Access BRUNSWICK’S BAKERS: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESIGATION OF A DWELLING AND BAKE OVEN AT LOT 35 IN BRUNSWICK TOWN STATE HISTORIC SITE(2017-04) Halloway, Andrew J.; Charles EwenThis past summer, students led by Dr. Charles Ewen excavated the proposed Edward Moseley Lot 34 at Brunswick Town State Historic Site. Instead of finding the house and associated buildings of Lot 34, the students were able to uncover the remains of structure N5 on Lot 35 along with an associated ballast oven. Further historical research uncovered the remains of a thriving bread trade in and around Brunswick just as the birth of Revolutionary sentiment began to spread throughout North Carolina.