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    Activation of GPR4 by Acidosis Increases Endothelial Cell Adhesion through the cAMP/Epac Pathway

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    Author
    Chen, Aishe; Dong, Lixue; Leffler, Nancy R.; Asch, Adam S.; Witte, Owen N.; Yang, Li V.
    Abstract
    Endothelium-leukocyte interaction is critical for inflammatory responses. Whereas the tissue microenvironments are often acidic at inflammatory sites, the mechanisms by which cells respond to acidosis are not well understood. Using molecular, cellular and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that activation of GPR4, a proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor, by isocapnic acidosis increases the adhesiveness of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that express GPR4 endogenously. Acidosis in combination with GPR4 overexpression further augments HUVEC adhesion with U937 monocytes. In contrast, overexpression of a G protein signaling-defective DRY motif mutant (R115A) of GPR4 does not elicit any increase of HUVEC adhesion, indicating the requirement of G protein signaling. Downregulation of GPR4 expression by RNA interference reduces the acidosis-induced HUVEC adhesion. To delineate downstream pathways, we show that inhibition of adenylate cyclase by inhibitors, 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine (DDA) or SQ 22536, attenuates acidosis/GPR4-induced HUVEC adhesion. Consistently, treatment with a cAMP analog or a Gi signaling inhibitor increases HUVEC adhesiveness, suggesting a role of the Gs/cAMP signaling in this process. We further show that the cAMP downstream effector Epac is important for acidosis/GPR4-induced cell adhesion. Moreover, activation of GPR4 by acidosis increases the expression of vascular adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, which are functionally involved in acidosis/GPR4-mediated HUVEC adhesion. Similarly, hypercapnic acidosis can also activate GPR4 to stimulate HUVEC adhesion molecule expression and adhesiveness. These results suggest that acidosis/GPR4 signaling regulates endothelial cell adhesion mainly through the Gs/cAMP/Epac pathway and may play a role in the inflammatory response of vascular endothelial cells.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5724
    Date
    2011
    Citation:
    APA:
    Chen, Aishe, & Dong, Lixue, & Leffler, Nancy R., & Asch, Adam S., & Witte, Owen N., & Yang, Li V.. (January 2011). Activation of GPR4 by Acidosis Increases Endothelial Cell Adhesion through the cAMP/Epac Pathway. PLoS ONE, 6(11), 1- 14. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5724

    Display/Hide MLA, Chicago and APA citation formats.

    MLA:
    Chen, Aishe, and Dong, Lixue, and Leffler, Nancy R., and Asch, Adam S., and Witte, Owen N., and Yang, Li V.. "Activation of GPR4 by Acidosis Increases Endothelial Cell Adhesion through the cAMP/Epac Pathway". PLoS ONE. 6:11. (1-14), January 2011. September 27, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5724.
    Chicago:
    Chen, Aishe and Dong, Lixue and Leffler, Nancy R. and Asch, Adam S. and Witte, Owen N. and Yang, Li V., "Activation of GPR4 by Acidosis Increases Endothelial Cell Adhesion through the cAMP/Epac Pathway," PLoS ONE 6, no. 11 (January 2011), http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5724 (accessed September 27, 2023).
    AMA:
    Chen, Aishe, Dong, Lixue, Leffler, Nancy R., Asch, Adam S., Witte, Owen N., Yang, Li V.. Activation of GPR4 by Acidosis Increases Endothelial Cell Adhesion through the cAMP/Epac Pathway. PLoS ONE. January 2011; 6(11): 1-14. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5724. Accessed September 27, 2023.
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