Paid time off (PTO): Work stress as a potential moderator between workaholism and PTO usage

Abstract

In the current study, the relationships between workaholism, work engagement, work stress, and paid time off (PTO) usage were examined. Previous studies indicate recovery from daily work stressors is necessary for continued success in work. Yet, in 2018, 27% of PTO offered in the U.S. went unused. It is important to uncover what types of individuals forego this potential benefit and leave PTO days unused. Notably, workaholics experience negative life outcomes such as work stress and work-life imbalance. Self-reported measures were used to study whether work-stress would influence the relationship between workaholism and PTO usage. The sample consisted of 335 full-time employees from various occupations, living in the United States. Results indicated that workaholism is negatively related to PTO usage, but showed no significant relationship with work stress and work engagement. Moreover, work stress did not moderate the relationship between workaholism and PTO usage. Organizational implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.