Differences in Heart Rate Reactivity and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Young Adults Related to Severity of Maltreatment

Abstract

Childhood maltreatment in the form of abuse and neglect is a devastating problem that occurs in the United States at epidemic proportions. The potential effects of childhood maltreatment are not only immediate, but can have lasting negative consequences on each individual victim. The areas in which childhood maltreatment can effect an individual are all-encompassing, including one's behavioral and physiological systems. As a result of continually experiencing a hostile environment characteristic of maltreatment and neglect, one must adapt to his or her surroundings as a means of coping and survival. These adaptations such as continually on the outlook for threats, and inability to trust may lead to behavioral and physiological changes over time such as the formation of callous-unemotional traits or diminished physiological response systems. The current study examines the potential long term effects of childhood maltreatment in young adults who report a history of early abuse or neglect. More specifically, the relationship amongst degree of callous-unemotional traits, heart rate reactivity, and risky decision making was examined. A significant and positive relationship was found between the severity of reported childhood maltreatment and degree of CU traits in young adulthood.