MAPPING TRADE BY SHIPWRECKS: AN ANALYSIS OF AMPHORA ASSEMBLAGES FROM FOURNOI ARCHIPELAGO (AEGEAN)

Abstract

This thesis examines nineteen amphorae from fourteen different shipwrecks, documented in the Fournoi Archipelago of the east-central Aegean, dating to the Late Roman period (fourth to seventh centuries CE). Both the macroscopic observations and typological study of the raised amphorae indicate a variety of provenances. While some of the artifacts are in good condition, others are less well preserved. The shipwrecks' significance lies particularly in the cargo's heterogeneity albeit with chronological range. Despite their distinct geographical production areas, these amphorae ended up on the same vessels' decks, revealing complex economic activities. Furthermore, these sunken vessels in Fournoi not only highlight the importance of the island as a vital sea lane but also provide valuable research on the trade and connectivity of various scales and the economic implications of material culture. Many of the Fournoi shipwrecks, whose discovery is not more than 10 years of age, have yet to be studied more closely. Even though the amphorae forms have enjoyed significant so far research, what is missing is an overall understanding of their strong economic ties. The present study seeks not only to put light into our understanding of the newly discovered shipwrecks but also to view the Fournoi Archipelago as a microcosm for studying economic maritime activities during the Late Roman period in the eastern Mediterranean. Starting from the Fournoi archipelago, this study aims to provide information about these tradable commodities that were exported far beyond this island in Late Antiquity. At the same time, it intends to analyze, reevaluate, and interpret distributional patterns, and commercial activities, utilizing pottery as an interpretive key.