A Case Study of Six Montefortino Helmets from the Battle of the Egadi Islands (241 B.C.)

Abstract

Montefortino helmets quickly became the dominant form of head gear throughout Europe and the Mediterranean once introduced by the Celts. During the First Punic War, it was the helmet in use by much of the Roman forces, particularly the Southern Italian and Sicilian troops, and by the numerous mercenaries employed by Carthage. Due to its widespread use, by the time of the Battle of the Egadi Islands in March of 241 B.C., it is difficult to determine the point of origin for the six bronze Montefortino helmets recovered from the battle site, as they could potentially belong to troops on either side of the conflict. This research explores what the helmet remains can reveal about the possible financial states of both Rome and Carthage at the later stages of the First Punic War, the manufacturing process, and who could have utilized the helmet during the battle.