NORMAN AND GRECIAN: A COMPARATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FORMATION ANALYSIS OF TWO STEEL-HULLED GREAT LAKES BULK CARRIERS IN LAKE HURON

Abstract

Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary (TBNMS) in Alpena, Michigan contains the remains of approximately 200 shipwrecks. Located within the sanctuary are two vessels, Norman (1890-1895) and Grecian (1891-1906). Both built by Globe Iron Works in the early 1890s, they present an opportunity for a comparative archaeological site formation analysis study. Using historical and archaeological data from Norman and Grecian, several 3D models were created to showcase how they ships transformed as shipwreck sites. Model data is used to communicate the various environmental and anthropogenic factors that have altered these wrecks through time.