Evaluating Key Performance Indicators and Economic Viability of Hemp-based Construction Products Versus Conventional Insulations in the US Residential Sector

Abstract

In response to the escalating concerns surrounding climate change and its repercussions, including the occurrence of unforeseen natural disasters like storms, flooding, and hurricanes, the construction industry is progressively shifting from conventional building materials to sustainable and eco-friendly materials. This research explores the potential of Hemp-based construction products (Hemp Wool insulation and Hempcrete) as sustainable alternatives to conventional insulation materials (Fiberglass, Mineral Wool, Cellulose, and Closed Cell Spray Foam) in the residential housing sector of the United States using a two-way comparative analysis inclusive of key performance indicators and cost. The first comparative analysis examines the behavior of these materials under six Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), namely, thermal conductivity, water absorption, fire resistance, biodegradable, availability, and ease of installation. The second, cost-comparison analysis, estimates and compares the initial cost and repair cost of both Hemp-based materials and conventional insulations. The study only considers the repair costs associated with damage due to water exposure, particularly in hurricane and flood-prone regions. Finally, the study also develops a cost calculator to estimate the initial cost and repair cost of these materials for various standard housing units in the US residential sector. Findings reveal that Hemp Wool insulation demonstrates similar thermal performance and fire resistance to conventional materials while exhibiting biodegradable properties. Additionally, Hemp Wool is easy to install and non-toxic, making it a viable option for DIY projects and small to medium-sized construction companies lacking heavy equipment. However, its high level of water absorption limits its suitability for regions susceptible to flooding. Cost analysis indicates that Hemp Wool insulation offers significant savings over Mineral Wool (20%) and Closed Cell Spray Foam (44%). Conversely, Hempcrete is found to be relatively expensive and impractical for hurricane-prone areas due to its high level of water absorption and higher repair costs. Recommendations include further research to mitigate water absorption limitations, exploration of treatments to enhance water repellency, and long-term performance studies to assess real-world applications. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the viability of Hemp-based construction products and helps in making informed decisions regarding the selection of construction materials for sustainable building practices in the US residential sector.