Exploring the Use of Music-Based Interventions by Certified Child Life Specialists for Children in Healthcare Settings

Abstract

Certified child life specialists (CCLSs) use interventions within their scope of practice to promote coping for patients and families in healthcare settings. This study addresses a gap in the literature by exploring how CCLSs use music-based interventions (MBIs) within an arts-in-medicine framework and how they collaborate with board-certified music therapists (MT-BCs) in pediatric settings. This study received IRB approval. Using a cross-sectional design, this exploratory, survey-based, descriptive study reports findings from the experiences of 91 CCLSs. Findings showed that CCLSs provide various MBIs, such as listening to recorded music with their patients in different age groups and singing songs, especially with preschool-aged or younger patients. CCLSs reported using MBIs for providing developmental support, normalization, and as a non-pharmacological pain management intervention during procedural support. Based on their perceptions, CCLSs reported positive outcomes in patients receiving MBIs, including increased relaxation, playfulness, and exhibiting less stress during procedures. Notably, few CCLSs (n=17, 18.7%) reported receiving specific training to use MBIs. Barriers to receiving training included a lack of awareness regarding training offered, financial costs, and time to attend training. CCLSs generally support co-treating patients with MT-BCs, but some also reported a lack of clarity regarding the scope of practice to use MBIs. Findings suggest that CCLSs would benefit from professional development opportunities to increase their intentionality in using MBIs. Implications for training, practice, professional considerations, and future research are provided to increase the understanding of the child life role in using MBIs within pediatric healthcare settings.