Physiology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 21-40 of 80
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Control of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth by Connexin 43
(2012-06)Connexin 43 (Cx43), the principal gap junction protein in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), regulates movement of ions and other signaling molecules through gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and plays ... -
Enhanced Mitochondrial Superoxide Scavenging Does Not Improve Muscle Insulin Action in the High Fat-Fed Mouse
(2015-05)Improving mitochondrial oxidant scavenging may be a viable strategy for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes. Mice overexpressing the mitochondrial matrix isoform of superoxide dismutase (sod2tg mice) and/or ... -
Why Does Exercise “Trigger� Adaptive Protective Responses in the Heart?
(2015-05)Numerous epidemiological studies suggest that individuals who exercise have decreased cardiac morbidity and mortality. Pre-clinical studies in animal models also find clear cardioprotective phenotypes in animals that ... -
Deletion of the EphA2 receptor exacerbates myocardial injury and the progression of ischemic cardiomyopathy
(2014-04)EphrinA1-EphA-receptor signaling is protective during myocardial infarction (MI). The EphA2-receptor (EphA2-R) potentially mediates cardiomyocyte survival. To determine the role of the EphA2-R in acute non-reperfused ... -
Expansion of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury after instillation of three forms of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
(2012)Background The exceptional physical-chemical properties of carbon nanotubes have lead to their use in diverse commercial and biomedical applications. However, their utilization has raised concerns about human exposure ... -
Identification of cytosolic phosphodiesterases in the erythrocyte: A possible role for PDE5
(2011)Background Within erythrocytes (RBCs), cAMP levels are regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Increases in cAMP and ATP release associated with activation of β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) and prostacyclin receptors ... -
Essential role of proteasomes in maintaining self-renewal in neural progenitor cells
(2016-01)Protein turnover and homeostasis are regulated by the proteasomal system, which is critical for cell function and viability. Pluripotency of stem cells also relies on normal proteasomal activity that mitigates senescent ... -
Coronary Artery Ligation and Intramyocardial Injection in a Murine Model of Infarction
(2011)Mouse models are a valuable tool for studying acute injury and chronic remodeling of the myocardium in vivo. With the advent of genetic modifications to the whole organism or the myocardium and an array of biological and/or ... -
Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle growth via signaling crosstalk between AMP-activated protein kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase
(2012-10)Abnormal vascular smooth muscle (VSM) growth is central in the pathophysiology of vascular disease yet fully effective therapies to curb this growth are lacking. Recent findings from our lab and others support growth control ... -
Phosphodiesterases Regulate BAY 41-2272-Induced VASP Phosphorylation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
(2012-02)BAY 41-2272 (BAY), a stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, increases cyclic nucleotides and inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we elucidated mechanisms of action of BAY in its ... -
The “Goldilocks Zone� from a redox perspective—Adaptive vs. deleterious responses to oxidative stress in striated muscle
(2014-09)Consequences of oxidative stress may be beneficial or detrimental in physiological systems. An organ system's position on the “hormetic curve” is governed by the source and temporality of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ... -
Methods for Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Diabetes
(2013-04)A growing body of research is investigating the potential contribution of mitochondrial function to the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Numerous in vitro, in situ, and in vivo methodologies are available to examine various ... -
The influence of the level of physical activity and human development in the quality of life in survivors of stroke
(2011)Background The association between physical activity and quality of life in stroke survivors has not been analyzed within a framework related to the human development index. This study aimed to identify differences in ... -
Biomarkers of Disease and Treatment in Murine and Cynomolgus Models of Chronic Asthma
(2012)Background Biomarkers facilitate early detection of disease and measurement of therapeutic efficacy, both at clinical and experimental levels. Recent advances in analytics and disease models allow comprehensive screening ... -
Muscle cell derived angiopoietin-1 contributes to both myogenesis and angiogenesis in the ischemic environment
(2015-05)Recent strategies to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have focused on stem cell based therapies, which are believed to result in local secretion of vascular growth factors. Little is known, however, about the role ... -
MicroRNA-431 regulates axon regeneration in mature sensory neurons by targeting the Wnt antagonist
(2013-10)MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function as key post-transcriptional regulators in neural development, brain function, and neurological diseases. Growing evidence indicates that miRNAs are also important ... -
Changes in the Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Primary Glaucoma
(2013)Purpose The current study was undertaken to investigate whether glaucoma affects the sleep quality and whether there is any difference between patients with primary glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma, POAG and primary ... -
Hypoxic Conditioned Medium from Rat Cerebral Cortical Cells Enhances the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells Mainly through PI3-K/Akt Pathways
(2014)Purpose To investigate the effects of hypoxic conditioned media from rat cerebral cortical cells on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro, and to study the roles of PI3-K/Akt and JNK ... -
Vanadium pentoxide induces pulmonary inflammation and tumor promotion in a strain-dependent manner
(2010)Background Elevated levels of air pollution are associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Particulate matter (PM) contains transition metals that may potentiate neoplastic development through the induction of ...