Browsing College of Health and Human Performance by Subject "Biology, Physiology"
Now showing items 1-20 of 27
-
5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Response to Resistance Exercise in Young Versus Old Men and Women
(East Carolina University, 2009)It has been shown that skeletal muscle 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and/or activity is more greatly elevated in response to resistance exercise or loading in aged rats, and that eukaryotic elongation ... -
Cleaved Caspase-3 Response to Acute Resistance Exercise in Young and Old Men and Women : Relationship to Muscle Glycogen Content and 5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activity
(East Carolina University, 2011)In addition to suppressing protein synthesis and activating protein degradation in skeletal muscle and other cell types, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to stimulate nuclear apoptosis in non-muscle cells ... -
Does Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgical Treatment Alter Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Mitral Regurgitation at Seven to Eleven Weeks Post-Operative?
(East Carolina University, 2009)In the current study, we examined if exercise tolerance was going to be reduced in atrial fibrillation and mitral valve regurgitation patients post a minimally invasive surgery seven to eleven weeks when compared to ... -
Effect of Acute Exercise or Fasting on Mitochondrial Function and High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance
(East Carolina University, 2009)A high-fat diet leads to an accumulation of lipid in skeletal muscle, and the development of both mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Recently, our lab reported that lipid overload leads to elevated ... -
Effect of Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass on Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling in Goto-Kakizaki Rats
(East Carolina University, 2009)Gastric bypass surgery (RYGBP) for the treatment of obesity has proven to clinically reverse type 2 diabetes mellitus. RYGBP involves both gastric reduction and bypass of the proximal small intestine. Duodenal-Jejunal ... -
EFFECTS OF A 16 WEEK PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION ON SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN 8-11 YEAR OLD AFRICAN AMERICAN AND CAUCASIAN CHILDREN.
(East Carolina University, 2013)C-reactive protein (CRP) is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation that has been associated with heart disease, obesity, and metabolic disorders in adults and children. Previous physical activity interventions have ... -
Effects of Dietary Leucine Supplementation on Muscle Mass and Markers of Protein Degradation in Overloaded Skeletal Muscles of Young Adult and Aged Rats
(East Carolina University, 2011)The hypertrophic response to overload in fast-twitch skeletal muscle is impaired in aged humans and rats, and upregulation of protein degradation pathways are hypothesized to be a contributing factor. Muscle growth occurs ... -
Effects of Insulin Sensitivity Modulators on the Mitochondrial Fate of Oxygen in Skeletal Muscle
(East Carolina University, 2010)Increasingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the development of insulin resistance. To test the hypothesis that modulators of insulin sensitivity (i.e., metformin, ovarian sex steroids and exercise training) ... -
Effects of obesity on the transcriptional regulation of protein degradation in skeletal muscle
(East Carolina University, 2013)Effects of obesity on the transcriptional regulation of protein degradation in skeletal muscle by Lance M. Bollinger November, 2013 Director of Thesis/Dissertation: Jeffrey J. Brault Major Department: Kinesiology ... -
Effects of Parental Obesity on Fat Metabolism During Submaximal Exercise in Children
(East Carolina University, 2009)The aim of the present study was to compare fat metabolism during submaximal exercise in children with a morbidly obese parent - (COP) (BMI [greater than or equal to] 40 kg/m²) to children with relatively lean parents - ... -
The effects of statins on mitochondrial function
(East Carolina University, 2013)Statins, or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. They are commonly used to treat hypercholesterolemia, a condition ... -
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX AS A CENTRAL REGULATOR OF MITOCHONDRIAL REDOX WITHIN SKELETAL MUSCLE
(East Carolina University, 2013)Once regarded as "byproducts" of aerobic metabolism, the production of superoxide/H₂O₂ is now understood to be a highly specialized and extensively regulated process responsible for exerting control over a vast number of ... -
IL-15 : A NOVEL REGULATOR OF LIPOLYSIS IN HUMANS?
(East Carolina University, 2014)Interactions between and within organ systems such as skeletal muscle (SkM) and adipose tissue (AT), via immune cell signaling factors (cytokines), may regulate the development of obesity. The increased expression and ... -
The Influence of Energy Expenditure on Mitochondrial Functions, Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance under Metabolic Oversupply Conditions
(East Carolina University, 2011)Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and oxidative stress have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type II diabetes. A causative role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the etiology of ... -
Measured Resting Energy Expenditure Using a Fixed Function Indirect Calorimeter in the Clinical Setting as a Predictor of Success with Weight Change in an Obese Pediatric Population
(East Carolina University, 2010)The American Dietetic Association (ADA) standard of care for obese adults utilizes indirect calorimetry for calculating caloric targets for weight loss (1). Even though rates appear to be leveling off (2), childhood obesity ... -
Metabolic Inflexibility in Skeletal Muscle With Obesity
(East Carolina University, 2009)The skeletal muscle of obese individuals has a reduced capacity to oxidize lipids. The hypothesis to be tested in this dissertation is that the ability to regulate lipid oxidation in response to lipid exposure is impaired ... -
Modulation of IKKβ with AMPK Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle
(East Carolina University, 2008-11)Activation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 is necessary for proper transduction of the insulin signal. IRS-1 serine312(human)/307(rodent) phosphorylation, however, results in disruption of this signal and subsequent ... -
NADPH Oxidase as a Mechanistic Link Between Erectile Dysfunction, Peripheral, and Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity
(East Carolina University, 2012)Cardiovascular complications involving both microvascular and macrovascular tissues are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in obese patients. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that erectile dysfunction ... -
The Physiological and Pathological Role of Mitochondrial Calcium in the Diabetic Heart
(East Carolina University, 2011)Diabetic patients are more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardiac dysfunction likely due alterations in mitochondrial calcium handling. The purpose of this work was to determine if redox-dependent changes ... -
Proximal vs. Distal Fascicle Behavior within the Biceps Femoris Long Head at Different Muscle Activation Levels
(East Carolina University, 2013)Hamstring strains have been shown to occur more often in the long head of the biceps femoris (BFLH) than the semitendinosus and semimembranosus, with most injuries occurring in the proximal half of the BFLH. Muscle modeling ...