Browsing by Subject "Skeletal muscle"
Now showing items 1-20 of 26
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AMP-activated protein kinase response to contractions and treatment with the AMPK activator AICAR in young adult and old skeletal muscle
(East Carolina University, 2009-05-01)One characteristic of aging skeletal muscle is a decline in mitochondrial function. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)occurs in response to an increased AMP/ATP ratio,which is one potential result of ... -
Cleaved Caspase-3 Response to Acute Resistance Exercise in Young and Old Men and Women : Relationship to Muscle Glycogen Content and 5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activity
(East Carolina University, 2011)In addition to suppressing protein synthesis and activating protein degradation in skeletal muscle and other cell types, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to stimulate nuclear apoptosis in non-muscle cells ... -
Deletion of LPCAT3 Promotes Enhanced Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle
(East Carolina University, 2015-12-15)Aberrant lipid metabolism has been linked to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The exact identity of the lipid species that promote skeletal muscle insulin resistance among the human population remains unclear. In this ... -
Determining the role of BRCA1 in skeletal muscle regeneration
(East Carolina University, 2022-07-15)Skeletal muscle is necessary for movement, breathing, and performance of daily activities. Acute injuries can occur to skeletal muscle, and there are several conditions and diseases that result in impairment of muscle ... -
Determining the role of BRCA1 in skeletal muscle regeneration
(East Carolina University, 2022-07-15)Skeletal muscle is necessary for movement, breathing, and performance of daily activities. Acute injuries can occur to skeletal muscle, and there are several conditions and diseases that result in impairment of muscle ... -
THE EFFECT OF CONTRACTILE ACTIVITY AND SUBSTRATE CHALLENGES ON METABOLIC FLEXIBILITY IN HUMAN PRIMARY MYOTUBES
(East Carolina University, 2013)The skeletal muscle of severely obese individuals (BMI > 40 kg/m²) is characterized by a depressed ability to oxidize fatty acids and a failure to upregulate fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in response to increased lipid ... -
The effects of statins on mitochondrial function
(East Carolina University, 2013)Statins, or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. They are commonly used to treat hypercholesterolemia, a condition ... -
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX AS A CENTRAL REGULATOR OF MITOCHONDRIAL REDOX WITHIN SKELETAL MUSCLE
(East Carolina University, 2013)Once regarded as "byproducts" of aerobic metabolism, the production of superoxide/H₂O₂ is now understood to be a highly specialized and extensively regulated process responsible for exerting control over a vast number of ... -
High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity Increases Serum Myostatin, but Does Not Accelerate Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
(East Carolina University, 2013)Myostatin is a potent negative regulator of muscle mass, i.e. high levels of myostatin induce loss of muscle. Surprisingly, severely obese humans and obese mice have elevated levels of serum myostatin, but the role of ... -
Impaired overload-induced muscle growth is associated with diminished translational signalling in aged rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle
(East Carolina University, 2006-07-01)Impaired overload-induced protein synthesis and growth in aged fast-twitch skeletal muscle may result from diminished responsiveness of signalling intermediates controlling protein translation. Yet, potential age-related ... -
Insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle is determined by glucose transporter (Glut4) protein level.
(East Carolina University, 1990-09-01)Glucose transport in skeletal muscle is mediated by two distinct transporter isoforms, designated muscle/adipose glucose transporter (Glut4) and erythrocyte/HepG2/brain glucose transporter (Glutl), which differ in both ... -
Intramuscular Lipid Metabolism, Insulin Action and Obesity
(East Carolina University, 2009-01)With the increasing prevalence of obesity, research has focused on the molecular mechanism(s) linking obesity and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Metabolic alterations within muscle, such as changes in the cellular ... -
Intramuscular lipid oxidation and obesity
(East Carolina University, 2008-04)There is an accumulating amount of evidence indicating that lipid oxidation is depressed in the skeletal muscle of obese individuals. Decrements in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) have been reported with obesity in models ranging ... -
Metabolic Inflexibility in Response to Lipid Oversupply with Obesity: Epigenetic Modifications Play a Role
(East Carolina University, 2013)The ability to adjust substrate oxidation according to nutrient availability has been termed `metabolic flexibility' and is a critical factor in overall metabolic health. In respect to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) metabolic ... -
Metabolic Inflexibility in Skeletal Muscle With Obesity
(East Carolina University, 2009)The skeletal muscle of obese individuals has a reduced capacity to oxidize lipids. The hypothesis to be tested in this dissertation is that the ability to regulate lipid oxidation in response to lipid exposure is impaired ... -
Mitochondrial H₂O₂ emission and cellular redox state link excess fat intake to insulin resistance in both rodents and humans
(2009-03)High dietary fat intake leads to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and this represents a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been ... -
Modulation of IKKβ with AMPK Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle
(East Carolina University, 2008-11)Activation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 is necessary for proper transduction of the insulin signal. IRS-1 serine312(human)/307(rodent) phosphorylation, however, results in disruption of this signal and subsequent ... -
No difference in the skeletal muscle angiogenic response
(East Carolina University, 2007-11)Ischaemia-induced skeletalmuscle angiogenesis is impaired in aged compared with young mice. In humans, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein following an acute exercise bout are lower in aged compared ...