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Neuroantigen-specific, tolerogenic vaccines: GM-CSF is a fusion partner that facilitates tolerance rather than immunity to dominant self-epitopes of myelin in murine models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)
(2011-12-30)
BACKGROUND: Vaccination strategies that elicit antigen-specific tolerance are needed as therapies for autoimmune disease. This study focused on whether cytokine-neuroantigen (NAg) fusion proteins could inhibit disease in ...
Multi-walled carbon nanotube instillation impairs pulmonary function in C57BL/6 mice
(2011-08-18)
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are widely used in many disciplines due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Therefore, some concerns about the possible human health and environmental impacts of ...
Metabolic remodeling of human skeletal myocytes by cocultured adipocytes depends on the lipolytic state of the system
(2011-06-20)
Adipocyte infiltration of the musculoskeletal system is well recognized as a hallmark of aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Intermuscular adipocytes might serve as a benign storage site for surplus lipid or play a role ...
Is there a metabolic program in the skeletal muscle of obese individuals?
(2011-04-26)
Severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) is associated with multiple defects in skeletal muscle which contribute to insulin resistance and a reduction in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in this tissue. These metabolic derangements are ...
From imitation to innovation: A study of China's drug R&D and relevant national policies
(2011)
Research & Development (R&D) plays an increasingly important role in China's pharmaceutical industry. To gain a competitive edge in the global pharmaceutical market, the current national strategy of China forcefully pushes ...
Pain as a global public health priority
(2011-10-06)
Background
Pain is an enormous problem globally. Estimates suggest that 20% of adults suffer from pain globally and 10% are newly diagnosed with chronic pain each year. Nevertheless, the problem of pain has primarily been ...
In-training practice patterns of combined emergency medicine/internal medicine residents, 2003-2007
(2011-11)
This study seeks to evaluate the practice patterns of current combined emergency medicine/internal medicine (EM/IM) residents during their training and compare them to the typical practice patterns of EM/IM graduates. We ...
Evolution of plant nucleotide-sugar interconversion enzymes
(2011-11-18)
Nucleotide-diphospho-sugars (NDP-sugars) are the building blocks of diverse polysaccharides and glycoconjugates in all organisms. In plants, 11 families of NDP-sugar interconversion enzymes (NSEs) have been identified, ...
Genome-wide functional analysis of the cotton transcriptome by creating an integrated EST database
(2011-11-08)
A total of 28,432 unique contigs (25,371 in consensus contigs and 3,061 as singletons) were assembled from all 268,786 cotton ESTs currently available. Several in silico approaches [comparative genomics, Blast, Gene Ontology ...
Experimental design and statistical rigor in phylogenomics of horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer
(2011-09-16)
A growing number of phylogenomic investigations from diverse eukaryotes are examining conflicts among gene trees as evidence of horizontal gene transfer. If multiple foreign genes from the same eukaryotic lineage are found ...