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Emerging roles for the pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors in response to acidotic stress
(2015)
Protons (hydrogen ions) are the simplest form of ions universally produced by cellular metabolism including aerobic respiration and glycolysis. Export of protons out of cells by a number of acid transporters is essential ...
The Proton-Sensing GPR4 Receptor Regulates Paracellular Gap Formation and Permeability of Vascular Endothelial Cells
(2020-02-21)
be activated by protons in the inflamed tissue microenvironment. Herein, we report that acidosis-induced GPR4 activation increases paracellular gap formation and permeability of vascular endothelialcells through the ...
Molecular Connections between Cancer Cell Metabolism and the Tumor Microenvironment
(2015)
Cancer cells preferentially utilize glycolysis, instead of oxidative phosphorylation,
for metabolism even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis,
referred to as the “Warburg effect”, commonly ...
Contextual tumor suppressor function of T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8) in hematological malignancies
(2017-12)
Background: Extracellular acidosis is a condition found within the tumor microenvironment due to inadequate blood perfusion, hypoxia, and altered tumor cell metabolism. Acidosis has pleiotropic effects on malignant progres‐ ...
Acidosis Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways through GPR4 in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells
(2017-01-27)
Acidosis commonly exists in the tissue microenvironment of various pathophysiological conditions such as tumors, inflammation, ischemia, metabolic disease, and respiratory disease. For instance, the tumor microenvironment ...
Roles of GSK-3 and microRNAs on epithelial mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells
(2017-02)
Various signaling pathways exert critical roles in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The Wnt/beta-catenin, PI3K/PTEN/ Akt/mTORC, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, hedgehog (Hh), Notch and TP53 ...
Quantitative analysis and comparison of 3D morphology between viable and apoptotic MCF-7 breast cancer cells and characterization of nuclear fragmentation
(2017-09-08)
Morphological changes in apoptotic cells provide essential markers for defining and detec- tion of apoptosis as a fundamental mechanism of cell death. Among these changes, the nuclear fragmentation and condensation have ...
Isolated neutropenia as a rare but serious adverse event secondary to immune checkpoint inhibition
(2019-07-05)
Background
Compared to conventional chemotherapy, Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are known to have a distinct toxicity profile commonly identified as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These irAEs that are believed ...
Tumor Microenvironment and Metabolism
(2017-12-16)
The tumor microenvironment has profound effects on cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response. Cancer cells co-exist with infiltrated immune cells, blood vessels, fibroblasts, and other stromal cells in the ...