Browsing Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Title
Now showing items 28-47 of 56
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Insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle is determined by glucose transporter (Glut4) protein level.
(East Carolina University, 1990-09-01)Glucose transport in skeletal muscle is mediated by two distinct transporter isoforms, designated muscle/adipose glucose transporter (Glut4) and erythrocyte/HepG2/brain glucose transporter (Glutl), which differ in both ... -
The Interaction of Caldesmon with the COOH Terminus of Actin
(East Carolina University, 1991-10-25)Caldesmon interacts with the NH2-terminal region of actin. It is now shown in airfuge centrifugation experiments that modification of the penultimate cysteine residue of actin significantly weakens its binding to caldesmon ... -
The involvement of cap-independent mRNA translation in cell fate decisions
(East Carolina University, 2014)During cell stress many biochemical processes are shut down. For example, global mRNA translation initiation is inhibited due to the disruption of the cap-dependent mRNA recruitment mechanism. One specific example of ... -
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Contributions to an Intermolecular Mechanism of Subunit Communication: Coordination of Pyruvate Carboxylase Activity Among Spatially Distinct Active Sites
(East Carolina University, 2016-07-13)Catalysis occurring in a multifunctional enzyme at spatially distinct active sites is controlled by an array of factors, including the structure of the enzyme, ligand binding, and productive interaction of substrates to ... -
Kinetics of Binding of Caldesmon to Actin
(East Carolina University, 1995-04-28)The time course of interaction of caldesmon with actin may be monitored by fluorescence changes that occur upon the binding of 12-(N-methyl-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-l,3-diazol-4-yl))-labeled caldesmon to actin or to acrylodan ... -
Lipid mediators of insulin resistance: ceramide signalling down-regulates GLUT4 gene transcription in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
(East Carolina University, 1996-10-01)We have previously demonstrated that chronic exposure of 3T3- L1 adipocytes to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) resulted in a marked decrease (~90%) in cellular GLUT4 (insulin-responsive glucose transporter) mRNA content as ... -
Localization and Characterization of a 7.3-kDa Region of Caldesmon Which Reversibly Inhibits Actomyosin ATPase Activity
(East Carolina University, 1992-08-15)Cleavage of caldesmon with chymotrypsin yields a series of fragments which bind both calmodulin and actin and inhibit the binding of myosin subfragments to actin and the subsequent stimulation of ATPase activity. Several ... -
A Long Helix from the Central Region of Smooth Muscle Caldesmon
(East Carolina University, 1991-07-25)The central region of smooth muscle caldesmon is predicted to form α-helices on the basis of its primary structure. We have isolated a fragment (CT54) that contains this region. The hydrodynamic properties and the electron ... -
Molecular mechanisms of TMEFF2 action in Prostate Cancer
(East Carolina University, 2013)The transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) is an evolutionarily conserved type I transmembrane protein expressed in the embryo and limited adult tissues, mainly the brain ... -
Multiple Translation Factor eIF4G (IFG-1) Isoforms are Required for the Apoptosome-Dependent Activation of Germ Cell Apoptosis
(East Carolina University, 2010)Apoptosis is a naturally occurring process during animal development required for the programmed killing and removal of injured cells. Cellular insult induces a switch in translation that allows for the rapid synthesis ... -
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially enhance B-cell mediated immunity in lean and obese mice
(East Carolina University, 2014)Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are bioactive n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish oil that exert immunomodulatory effects. The general paradigm suggests n-3 PUFAs exert immunosuppressive ... -
Negative Charges at Protein Kinase C Sites of Troponin I Stabilize the Inactive State of Actin
(East Carolina University, 2008-01-15)Alterations in the troponin complex can lead to increases or decreases in contractile activity. Most mutations of troponin that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy increase the activity of cardiac muscle fibers. In at least ... -
Novel diagnostic and analytical applications of benchtop time-domain NMR.
(East Carolina University, 2015)High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique, yet practical application outside of the research laboratory has been limited due to the high cost and complexity of the instrumentation. ... -
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of mRNA Metabolism during Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells: Role of HuR
(East Carolina University, 2010)Our studies address early control points in the differentiation process that are necessary for expression as well as the maintenance of the adipocyte phenotype. We have focused on the post-transcriptional regulation of ... -
Racial difference in Acylation Stimulating Protein (ASP) correlates to triglyceride in non-obese and obese African American and Caucasian women
(East Carolina University, 2009-04-17)Background: Acylation Stimulating Protein (ASP) has been shown to influence adipose tissue triglyceride (TG) storage. The aim was to examine ethnic differences in ASP and leptin levels in relation to lipid profiles and ... -
Regulation of lipoprotein lipase mRNA content in 3T3-L1 cells by tumour necrosis factor.
(East Carolina University, 1988-02-01)Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was previously shown to suppress lipoprotein lipase (LPL) synthesis and activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present study examined the effect ofTNF on amounts ofmRNA for LPL in 3T3-Ll cells. ... -
Regulation of Transglutaminase 2 structure and function by Ca²⁺ and [alpha]-synuclein
(East Carolina University, 2016-07-14)Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) catalyzes the Ca2+-dependent transamidation of protein substrates between glutamine and lysine residues by formation of an N[epsilon]-([gamma]-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide bond. The Ca2+-dependent ... -
Resolving the Role of POU1F1 in Human Growth Hormone Locus Activation
(East Carolina University, 2012)The human growth hormone gene ( hGH-N) is regulated by a distal locus control region (LCR) composed of five deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive sites (HSs). The region encompassing HSI and HSII contains the predominant ...